Originally posted by Beef Oven!
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If you are planning to do a lot with media files, music, photos, videos etc., then it's probably worth having one (at least) external drive for them - perhaps a 1 Tbyte USB portable drive - though you may need a larger one if you have a lot of media material.
It's also worth getting Apple's Time Machine working - you can use (say) a 1 or 2 Tbyte portable drive for that too - and it should work, since your machine is not that large, though it's larger than mine which "only" has a 256 Gbyte SSD. TM should already be installed on your machine, and will activate if you attach a new drive. You simply need a drive - a cheapish one will do, and you may have to overwrite whatever formatting it comes with - even it says it's "only" for PCs, and then just dedicate it for Time Machine. It should "just work". I resisted this for a long while, and it doesn't guarantee everything will be kept, but it really should "just work" and cover most eventualities. However if you do use TM and a separate drive for media you'll have to decide whether TM should keep a copy of the media drive(s) as well, otherwise you may still have a future problem. We know that rfg did have a problem with one of his machines - but mostly TM seems to work, and even if there are occasional glitches, most material which is scheduled for saving is, most of the time. If you do try TM, then make sure that you test it out so that you know that it is saving the files! Try creating some files which you don't care about, and then delete them. Then try to recover them a while later.
Note that because files which are "deleted" also get saved, that the drive used for TM should be rather larger than the main hard drive being backed up. TM might not work so well for some users who create vast files which get deleted on a daily basis - such as those doing music or video editing for this reason. A careful strategy for how to use TM would have to be worked out if that were the pattern of usage. Usually a TM drive 50-100% larger than the main drive will suffice for most users.
Another suggestion for backing up MBPs is to use the fairly recent Airport Time Capsule - probably 3 Tbytes would be best, though I'm waiting for the next model, as the current models only do USB 2 interfaces for external drives - https://www.apple.com/uk/airport-time-capsule/ Use of such a device allows you to back up several laptops and also desktops as well, besides having a rather decent wireless access point. This also uses TM, but communicates via wireless rather than being tied to the machine by a USB cable.
Lastly, there could still be a need for other backups - such as bootable clones of your hard drive. This would require yet another hard drive - perhaps a 1 Tbyte one in your case, assuming only one backup per drive, and the use of a tool such as Super Duper, which I'm currently investigating.
What you really don't want is to rip all your CDs to hard drive, and then have no backup copies - it'd be weeks of work wasted. You also want to ensure that anything which is really vital to you is backed up somewhere - but it all depends how critical things are for you. One can become paranoid, but being too easy going doesn't work.
For example, students often seek "extra time" because "all my work got lost because my drive went down" - usually a day before hand in! However, sometimes this really is genuine, and it'd be sad to see someone not get a degree or a masters, or even a PhD because of a failure to take adequate backup precautions. In some cases that could really affect the rest of their lives. Usually such people are warned of the dangers of sloppy backup procedures, but some just don't seem to listen. At perhaps £9k or more per year for a degree course, failure to graduate because of skimping on computer backup protection is just plain silly.
Good luck, and have fun with your new toy.
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